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abstract
Objectives
The
objective of this study is to compare psychological distress (body
image disturbance, self-esteem, depression, and anxiety) in women with
breast or gynecological cancer treated by radical surgery. Additionally,
another objective is to analyze the association between psychological
distress and sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, and
social support to produce a prediction model for the outcome measures.
Methods
A
cross-sectional study was carried out with 100 women who had undergone
radical surgery for breast or gynecological cancer. Both groups were
divided into the following: younger than 50 years old and 50 years old
or older. Body Image Scale, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, Beck
Depression Inventory, and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used.
Results
Age
had a significant main effect on psychological distress but the type of
cancer did not. Younger women showed significantly greater distress
than older women (p-values < 0.001). A significant
interaction between age and type of cancer was found, indicating that
older women with breast cancer had worse body image and more depression
than those with gynecological cancer (p-values < 0.001); no significant differences were found between younger groups.
The
prediction model for increased body image disturbance and depression
included the joint effect of the following variables: being younger,
inactive occupational status, and post-adjuvant therapy side effects.
For lower self-esteem, the variables were: being younger, post-adjuvant
therapy side effects, and dissatisfaction with social support. And for
higher anxiety, the sole variable included was post-adjuvant therapy
side effects.
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